What Certifications Do You Need to Operate a Commercial Drone?

 In the United States, if you’re flying a drone for any business purpose—such as taking real estate photos, capturing aerial photos, inspecting roofs, or filming for a client—the answer is yes. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) considers this a commercial operation. Commercial drone operators must comply with specific legal requirements and licensing requirements for commercial purposes, including understanding airspace regulations. It requires you to have a Part 107 Remote Pilot Certificate. This is the key difference between recreational flying (which has its own set of rules) and professional operations. You can find more information on the FAA’s official UAS website.

Understanding Commercial Drone Certifications: What is the FAA Part 107?

The FAA Part 107 Remote Pilot Certificate, often called a “drone license,” is the official credential that gives you legal authority to operate a small unmanned aircraft for compensation. To obtain a remote pilot certificate, applicants must complete the FAA's integrated airman certification and rating application (IACRA) process. It shows that you have passed an FAA knowledge test and understand critical aviation regulations, ensuring you can fly safely and professionally in the national airspace. The Part 107 Remote Pilot Exam consists of 60 multiple-choice questions covering various topics related to safe flight operations and U.S. aviation regulations. The national airspace system requires careful management of small unmanned aircraft to maintain safety and efficiency within the broader airspace infrastructure.

Requirements to Get Your Drone License

To be eligible for the Part 107 certificate, you must:

• Be at least 16 years old.

• Be able to read, write, speak, and understand English.

• Be in a physical and mental condition that allows you to safely operate a drone.

• Pass the FAA’s initial aeronautical knowledge test.

You will also need a valid government-issued ID, such as a driver's license, during the registration and testing process.

Applicants must also complete a TSA security background check before being issued a certificate. A confirmation email will be sent after completing the TSA security background check.

Note: Holders of a Part 61 certificate must have a current flight review to qualify for the remote pilot certificate.

Drone Registration Process: Getting Your UAV Legal

Registering your drone is a crucial step for all drone pilots who want to operate legally and responsibly. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) requires every commercial drone pilot to register their unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) before conducting any drone operations. To start, visit the official FAA website and create an account. You’ll need to provide basic information about yourself and your drone, including the make, model, and serial number. The registration fee is just $5, and your registration will be valid for three years.

Once you complete the process, you’ll receive a unique registration number from the FAA. This number must be clearly displayed on your drone at all times during operations. Registering your drone not only helps the FAA track and monitor drone activity for public safety, but it also demonstrates your commitment to following FAA regulations. Remember, obtaining a remote pilot certificate by passing the initial aeronautical knowledge test is also required for commercial pilots. By completing both the drone registration and certification process, you ensure your drone operations are fully compliant with federal regulations—an essential foundation for any professional drone pilot.

How to Obtain a Part 107 Remote Pilot Certificate (Step-by-Step)

1. Study for the Part 107 Exam: Prepare for the Unmanned Aircraft General – Small (UAG) initial aeronautical knowledge test by reviewing topics like airspace, weather, and regulations. The FAA website provides official study materials and sample questions to help you get ready.

2. Get an FAA Tracking Number (FTN): Create an account on the FAA’s IACRA website to receive your unique FTN, which you’ll need pto schedule the exam.

3. Schedule and Pass the Part 107 Exam: Book and pass the test at an FAA-approved testing center. The test costs $175.

4. Complete the FAA Application: After passing, log back into IACRA to complete FAA Form 8710-13 and submit your application for the certificate. If you took the online training route, you will receive a completion certificate or online course completion certificate, which you may need to present during identity verification.

5. Receive Your Certificate: After submitting your application, you will first receive a temporary remote pilot certificate (also called a temporary airman certificate or temporary certificate), which allows you to fly your drone and conduct commercial flights immediately. This provisional certificate enables you to operate as a licensed drone pilot and FAA certified drone pilot while waiting for your permanent remote pilot certificate (FAA airman certificate) to arrive by mail. The permanent certificate is issued after FAA internal processing and other FAA internal processing steps, such as background checks and application review.

This is the process to become a drone pilot and join the community of professional drone operators with a Part 107 license, also known as an FAA drone pilot license.

How Much Does It Cost & How Long Does It Take?

The primary cost is the $175 exam fee. Optional training courses may add to the expense, but are not required. The total estimated cost for obtaining FAA certification and related expenses ranges from $1,543 to $2,482. The entire process, from initial study to receiving your certificate, typically takes 3-4 weeks.

Preparing for the Part 107 Exam – Training Options

You have two main options:

• Self-Study: Use free resources from the FAA, like their official study guide and sample questions, to prepare for the 'Unmanned Aircraft General – Small (UAG)' test. The FAA website also provides information on FAA guidelines, FAA rules, drone laws, and drone regulations, all of which are essential for understanding the legal and safety requirements for drone pilots.

• Online Courses: Many companies offer comprehensive video courses, practice tests, and study guides for a fee. These can be helpful for structuring your preparation and improving your chances of passing on your first attempt. Popular choices include UAV Coach and Pilot Institute.

Recreational pilots should note that instead of the Part 107 exam, they are required to pass the Recreational UAS Safety Test (TRUST).

Drone Insurance and Liability: Protecting Your Operations

As a commercial drone pilot, protecting your business and your clients is just as important as mastering flight skills. Drone insurance is a vital safeguard for any certified drone pilot, offering coverage for liability, property damage, and even loss or damage to your unmanned aircraft. Participation in a drone program or providing services for emergency services may require specific insurance coverage to meet regulatory or operational requirements. While the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) does not mandate insurance for operations, many clients and job sites require proof of coverage before allowing drone flights. Having drone insurance not only shields you from unexpected financial losses due to accidents or equipment failure, but also demonstrates professionalism and responsibility. By investing in the right insurance policy, pilots can focus on delivering high-quality services, knowing they are protected against potential risks that come with operating in a variety of environments.

Airspace Authorizations: Navigating Controlled Skies

Operating in controlled airspace is a common requirement, especially in urban or densely populated areas. To safely and legally fly drones in these zones, drone pilots must obtain airspace authorizations from the FAA.

In addition, remote identification is required for most commercial drone operations in controlled airspace to enhance safety and accountability.

Operations in Class G airspace are allowed without air traffic control (ATC) permission, while operations in Class B, C, D, and E airspace require ATC authorization. The Low Altitude Authorization and Notification Capability (LAANC) system streamlines this process, allowing pilots to quickly request and receive approval to operate near airports. By using LAANC and understanding the boundaries of controlled airspace, drone pilots can avoid conflicts with manned aircraft and ensure their operations comply with all FAA Part 107 regulations. Staying informed and proactive about airspace authorizations is essential for any drone pilot looking to expand their operational capabilities and take on more complex projects.

Essential Tools: FAADroneZone and the B4UFLY App

Staying compliant and informed is easier than ever for drone pilots thanks to tools like FAADroneZone and the B4UFLY app. FAADroneZone is the FAA's official online portal where drone pilots can register their unmanned aircraft, apply for waivers, and manage airspace authorizations—all in one place. Meanwhile, the B4UFLY app provides real-time information about airspace restrictions, temporary flight restrictions, and other factors that could impact your drone operations. By regularly using these resources, drone pilots can ensure their drone registration is up to date, check for any local flight restrictions before takeoff, and maintain compliance with FAA Part 107 rules. These tools are essential for any drone pilot who wants to operate safely, efficiently, and within the law.

Responsibilities of a Commercial Drone Pilot

Being a drone pilot comes with important responsibilities that go beyond simply flying drones. To ensure safe and successful drone operations, pilots must strictly adhere to all FAA regulations, including airspace rules and any flight restrictions in their area. Before each flight, it’s essential to conduct thorough pre-flight checks—verifying that your drone is in good working order, batteries are charged, and all equipment is properly maintained.

During operations, drone pilots must always maintain a visual line of sight with their drone and remain vigilant to avoid obstacles, people, and other aircraft. Following established safety protocols, such as regular equipment maintenance and having clear emergency procedures, is vital for minimizing risks. By consistently applying these best practices, commercial drone pilots not only protect themselves and the public but also build a reputation for professionalism and reliability in the drone industry. Staying informed about the latest FAA regulations and operational procedures is key to maintaining your status as a trusted and effective drone pilot.

After Certification – Staying Legal and Profitable

Once you’re certified, remember that drone operators must continue to follow best practices for flying drones and adhere to all drone regulations and FAA guidelines.

• Renew your knowledge every 24 months by taking a free online recurrent training course, as the Remote Pilot Certificate is valid for two years.

• Register each drone you use for business on the FAA DroneZone website ($5 per drone).

• Stay compliant with all Part 107 operational rules, such as flying within line of sight and following altitude limits, and always follow all regulations when flying drones commercially.

Renewing Your Part 107 Certification

Maintaining your status as a certified drone pilot means staying current with FAA requirements. Every 24 months, drone pilots must complete recurrent training to renew their Part 107 certification, which is necessary to meet ongoing licensing requirements. The renewal process involves taking a free online recurrent training course, which covers updates to regulations, safety guidelines, and best practices for unmanned aircraft operations. After successfully completing the course and passing the knowledge test, you’ll need to submit your renewal application through the FAA’s system. Keeping your drone pilot certification active not only ensures you can continue to fly drones commercially, but also demonstrates your commitment to safety and professionalism in the drone industry.

Verifying a Pilot’s Credentials: Building Trust with Clients

For clients seeking aerial photography, inspections, or other commercial drone services, verifying a drone pilot’s credentials is a crucial step in ensuring a safe and successful project. Start by asking to see the pilot’s remote pilot certificate, which is required by the FAA for all commercial drone operations. This certificate confirms that the pilot has passed the initial aeronautical knowledge test and completed the necessary application process through the FAA website.

Additionally, request the pilot’s FAA tracking number, a unique identifier assigned to certified drone pilots. Reviewing a pilot’s experience, reputation, and any additional certifications or specialized training can further demonstrate their expertise and commitment to safety. By taking these steps, clients can confidently hire a commercial drone pilot who is qualified, compliant with FAA regulations, and capable of delivering high-quality results for their drone operations.

Building Your Network: The Drone Pilot Community

Success as a commercial drone pilot goes beyond technical skills—it’s also about building strong connections within the drone pilot community. Networking with other drone pilots opens doors to new business opportunities, collaborations, and valuable industry insights. The FAA and various industry organizations host conferences, workshops, and online forums where drone pilots can share experiences, discuss the latest trends, and learn from each other. By actively participating in the drone pilot community, you can stay informed about changes in FAA Part 107 regulations, discover innovative drone operations, and grow your reputation as a knowledgeable and connected commercial drone operator. Whether you’re just starting out or looking to expand your business, building your network is a key step toward long-term success in the world of commercial drones.

Advanced Operations & Additional Certifications

For some advanced operations, commercial pilots and those seeking to become a professional drone pilot may need additional credentials to expand their capabilities:

• Waivers: If you want to fly outside of standard Part 107 rules (e.g., at night with an older drone or beyond visual line of sight), you may need to apply for a waiver from the FAA.

• Part 137: Using drones for crop dusting or chemical spraying requires a Part 137 agricultural aircraft operator certificate.

• Other Certifications: Specialized industry certifications in areas like thermography or mapping can help professional drone pilots stand out to clients and may be important for commercial pilots seeking to enhance their qualifications.
  

Penalties for Non-Compliance: What Happens If You Break the Rules?

Operating outside of FAA regulations can have serious consequences for commercial drone pilots and operators. The FAA enforces strict penalties for non-compliance, including civil fines of up to $27,500 and, in severe cases, criminal penalties that can reach $250,000 and up to three years in prison. Violations can also result in the suspension or revocation of your remote pilot certificate, effectively ending your ability to work as a commercial drone pilot.

Beyond financial and legal repercussions, non-compliance can damage your professional reputation and jeopardize future business opportunities. The FAA actively monitors drone operations and uses a combination of education, outreach, and enforcement to ensure pilots follow safety protocols and regulations. To avoid costly mistakes, it’s essential for drone pilots to stay up to date with the latest FAA regulations, maintain accurate records, and consistently follow all operational and safety procedures. By prioritizing compliance, you protect your career, your clients, and the future of your drone operations.

FAQs About Commercial Drone Licensing

Q: Do I need a license to fly a drone commercially?

A: Yes, any drone flight for a business or for profit is considered a commercial operation by the FAA and requires a Part 107 Remote Pilot Certificate.

Q: What is the FAA Part 107 Remote Pilot Certificate?

A: The Part 107 certificate, also known as a “commercial drone license,” is the official credential that proves you have the aeronautical knowledge to fly a drone safely and legally for business purposes.

Q: What are the requirements to get a drone license?

A: You must be at least 16, proficient in English, in good physical and mental condition to fly, and pass the FAA’s Part 107 knowledge test.

Q: How do you obtain a Part 107 drone pilot license?

A: The process involves studying for the Part 107 Exam, getting an FAA Tracking Number (FTN), scheduling and passing the test, and then submitting your application through the FAA’s IACRA system.

Q: How much does a drone pilot certification cost and how long does it take?

A: The mandatory cost is the $175 exam fee. The timeline typically involves 15-20 hours of study and a few weeks for the application and certificate to be processed.

Q: What training is recommended for the Part 107 test?

A: You can self-study using free FAA resources, or enroll in a paid online course that provides structured lessons and practice tests. The exam covers regulations, airspace, weather, and more.

Q: Are there other certifications for commercial drone pilots?

A: Beyond the Part 107, you may need specific waivers for advanced operations like night flights or flying over people. Highly specialized tasks like crop spraying may require a Part 137 certificate.

Q: Can licensed pilots fly any drone operations, or are there limitations?

A: Part 107 pilots must adhere to strict operational limits, including flying below 400 feet, maintaining visual line of sight, and operating drones under 55 pounds. Visual observers can assist drone operators by helping to detect other aircraft and obstacles to maintain safety during drone operations. Special waivers are required to go beyond these limits.

Q: What about recreational flyers or existing manned pilots?

A: Recreational flyers must pass the free TRUST test, not the Part 107 exam. Manned-aircraft pilots with a Part 61 certificate have an easier path to certification; they can take a free online training course instead of the knowledge test.

Q: How do you maintain your drone certification and stay compliant?

A: You must complete a free online recurrent training course every 24 months. You also need to register your drones, adhere to Remote ID requirements, and report any accidents to the FAA.

Q: What are the penalties for flying commercially without certification?

A: Flying without a Part 107 certificate can result in civil penalties and fines from the FAA, and could also void any insurance coverage you have, leaving you liable for damages.

Q: Why is certification important beyond legality?

A: Certification provides credibility, instills confidence in clients, and demonstrates that you have a foundation in safety and regulations. It also makes you eligible for insurance and unlocks business opportunities that require licensed pilots.

Conclusion: Take Flight Legally and Confidently

Getting your Part 107 Remote Pilot Certificate is the essential first step toward a successful commercial drone career. It ensures you are operating legally, provides credibility to clients, and unlocks a world of business opportunities in this rapidly growing industry.